بیا تو پروژه

ﭼﻜﻴﺪه‫

ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ..................................................................................................................................................................2

ﻓﺼﻞ اول:ﺟﻤـﻊآوري اﻃﻼﻋﺎت

‫1-1 اﻧﻮاع ﻣﺪلﻫﺎي ﺑﻮﻳﻠﺮ ﭼﮕﺎﻟﺸﻲ ﮔﺎزﺳﻮز در ﺟﻬﺎن.............................................................................................5

1-1-1 ﺷﺮﻛﺖ Alpha .....................................................................................................................................5   

‫1-1-2 ﺷﺮﻛﺖ Ariston  ................................................................................................................................8

1-1-3 ﺷﺮﻛﺖ Baxi ....................................................................................................................................... 8

1-1-4 ﺷﺮﻛﺖ Glow.worm  ‪ 9.......................................................................................................................

‫1-1-5 ﺷﺮﻛﺖ Biasi ‪........................................................................................................................................9   

  

 ‪

1-2 ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮژيﻫﺎي ﺑﻮﻳﻠﺮ ﭼﮕﺎﻟﺸﻲ و ﭘﻜﻴﺞ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻲ ﮔﺎزﺳﻮز................................................................... 11 

‫1-2-1- ﺑﻮﻳﻠﺮﻫﺎي ﻏﻴﺮ ﭼﮕﺎﻟﺸﻲ (ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻲ) Non-condensing Boilers.....................................................11   

‫1-2-2- ﺑﻮﻳﻠﺮﻫﺎي ﻧﻴﻤﻪ ﭼﮕﺎﻟﺸﻲ‪ Near-condensing Boilers.................................................................. 12 

1-2-3- ﺑﻮﻳﻠﺮﻫﺎي ﭼﮕﺎﻟﺸﻲ Condensing Boilers ...................................................................................12   

 1-3- ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ دﻣﺎي ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺑﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد ﭼﮕﺎﻟﺸﻲ و ﻳﺎ ﻏﻴﺮ ﭼﮕﺎﻟﺸﻲ ﭘﻜﻴﺞ ﭼﮕﺎﻟﺸﻲ....................................... 17 

‫1-4- ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺑﺎزده ﻛﻠﻲ ﻳﻚ ﭘﻜﻴﺞ ﭼﮕﺎﻟﺸﻲ...........................................................................................20   

‫1-5- اﺧﺘﻼف دﻣﺎي ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﺑﻴﻦ آب ﺑﺎزﮔﺸﺘﻲ از ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ و ﮔﺎزﻫﺎي ﺧﺮوﺟﻲ از دودﻛﺶ.....................................22   

‫1-6- ذﺧﻴﺮهي آب ﮔﺮم....................................................................................................................................23   

‫1-7- ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ اﺧﺘﻼط ﺳﻮﺧﺖ و ﻫﻮا.......................................................................................................................26   

‫1-8- ﻗﻄﻌﺎت ﻣﻬﻢ ﺑﻜﺎر ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه در ﭘﻜﻴﺞﻫﺎي ﭼﮕﺎﻟﺸﻲ................................................................................. 27 

‫1-8-1- ﻣﺒﺪل ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ.......................................................................................................................................27   

‫1-8-2- ﻣﺒﺪل ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ اﺻﻠﻲ (ﻣﺒﺪل ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﭼﮕﺎﻟﺸﻲ).......................................................................................27   

‫1-8-3- ﻣﺒﺪل ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﺛﺎﻧﻮﻳﻪ (ﻣﺒﺪل ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ آب ﮔﺮم ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ)......................................................................... 30 

‫1-9- ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻓﻨﺎوري ﭘﻜﻴﺞ ﭼﮕﺎﻟﺸﻲ و ﭘﻜﻴﺞ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻲ..........................................................................................34   

ﻓﺼﻞ دوم:ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎت ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ

‫2-1 ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮژيﻫﺎ و ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺑﻮﻳﻠﺮ ﭼﮕﺎﻟﺸﻲ در ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﭘﻜﻴﺞ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻲ ﮔﺎزﺳﻮز.............................37

‫2-1-1 ﻧﺤﻮه ﻛﺎرﻛﺮد.........................................................................................................................................37   

‫2-1-2 ﻣﻮارد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده.........................................................................................................................................38   

2-2- ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ در اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺑﻮﻳﻠﺮﻫﺎي ﻫﻤﺮﻓﺘﻲ و ﭼﮕﺎﻟﺸﻲ...........................................................................39   

‫2-3- ﻣﺰاﻳﺎي اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺑﻮﻳﻠﺮﻫﺎي ﭼﮕﺎﻟﺸﻲ.........................................................................................................40   

‫2-4- اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﺑﺎزده ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﻮﻳﻠﺮﻫﺎي ﭼﮕﺎﻟﺸﻲ....................................................................................................43   

‫2-5- ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ و ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻨﻲ ﺑﻮﻳﻠﺮ....................................................................................................................... 44 

‫2-6- اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺑﻮﻳﻠﺮ در ﺳﺎزه ﻫﺎ و ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن ﻫﺎي ﺟﺪﻳﺪ.................................................................................. 46 

2-7- درﻳﭽﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ ﻓﺸﺎر ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ......................................................................................................50   

‫2-8- ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ‪ on/offﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس دﻣﺎي آب ﺧﺮوﺟﻲ............................................................................................ 50 

2-9- اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از اﺻﻞ ﭼﮕﺎﻟﺶ............................................................................................................................51   

‫2-10- ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻫﺎي ﺑﻮﻳﻠﺮﻫﺎي ﻫﻤﺮﻓﺘﻲ و ﭼﮕﺎﻟﺸﻲ در ﻧﺤﻮة ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد و ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري...................................................51   

‫2-11- ﻣﻮارد ﻣﻬﻢ در ﻧﺼﺐ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻟﻲ ﻳﻚ ﺑﻮﻳﻠﺮ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ در ﻛﻨﺎر ﻳﻚ ﺑﻮﻳﻠﺮ ﻗﺪﻳﻤﻲ........................................53   

ﻓﺼﻞ ﺳﻮم:ﺑـﺮرﺳﻲ روش ﺗﻮﻟﻴـﺪ ﺑﻮﻳﻠـﺮﻫـﺎي ﭼﮕـﺎﻟﺸﻲ

مقدمه ...............................................................................................................................................................59   

‫3-1 ﻗﻄﻌﺎت ﻣﻬﻢ ﺑﻜﺎر ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه در ﭘﻜﻴﺞﻫﺎي ﭼﮕﺎﻟﺸﻲ.....................................................................................65   

‫3-2- ﻣﺒﺪل ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﺛﺎﻧﻮﻳﻪ (ﻣﺒﺪل ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ آب ﮔﺮم ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ8) ...........................................................................66

‫3-3- ﻣﺸﻌﻞ...................................................................................................................................................... 66 

3-3-1- ﻣﺸﻌﻞﻫﺎي ﻫﻤﺮﻓﺘﻲ...............................................................................................................................66   

3-3-2- ﻣﺸﻌﻞﻫﺎي اﺣﺘﺮاق ﺟﺮﻗﻪاي...................................................................................................................66   

‫3-4- ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﺨﻠﻮط ﺳﻮﺧﺖ و ﻫﻮا...........................................................................................................67   

‫3-5- ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻛﻨﺘﺮل............................................................................................................................................68   

ﻓﺼﻞ ﭼﻬﺎرم:ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ و ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎت ﺗﺎﺳﻴﺴﺎﺗﻲ

‫4-1 ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎر ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻳﻲ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن....................................................................................................................... 70 

‫4-1-1- دﻣﺎي ﻃﺮح ﺧﺎرج................................................................................................................................ 71 

‫4-1-2- دﻣﺎي ﻃﺮح داﺧﻞ.................................................................................................................................74

‫4-1-3- دﻣﺎي اﺗﺎﻗﻬﺎي زﻳﺮ ﺷﻴﺮواﻧﻲ................................................................................................................... 76 

4-2- روش ﺑﻴﻼن ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ‫‪ ................................................................................................................................ 76 

4-3- ﺗﻠﻔﺎت ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ از ﺟﺪاره ﻫﺎي اﺗﺎق ............................................................................................... 78 

‫4-4- اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﺣﺮارت از دﻳﻮارﻫﺎي زﻳﺮزﻣﻴﻦ و ﻛﻒ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﺑﻪ زﻣﻴﻦ....................................................................... 80 

‫4-5- ﺗﻠﻔﺎت ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ از راه ﻧﻔﻮذ ﻫﻮاي ﺧﺎرج ﻳﺎ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﻫﻮا ............................................................................ 82

‫4-6- ﺿﺮﻳﺐ اﺿﺎﻓﻲ در ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎت ﺗﻠﻔﺎت ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ و ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺑﺎر ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﻛﻞ اﺗﺎق.................................................85   

4-7- ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﻴﺰان آﺑﮕﺮم ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ و ﺑﺎر ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ آن...........................................................................................86   

‫4-7-1- دﻣﺎي آﺑﮕﺮم ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ‫.............................................................................................................................86   

‫4-7-2- ﻣﻘﺪار آﺑﮕﺮم ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ و ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ آﺑﮕﺮﻣﻜﻦ........................................................................................... 86 

‫4-8- ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺑﺎر ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ آﺑﮕﺮم ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ   ................................................................................................... 88 

4-9- ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎت ﺑﺎر ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن.......................................................................................................88   

4-10- ﻣﺪلﺳﺎزي ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن...................................................................................................................89   

4-11- ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺴﺎت ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز ﺟﻬﺖ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﭘﻜﻴﺞ ﭼﮕﺎﻟﺸﻲ.................................................................96   

فصـل ﭘﻨﺠﻢ:ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي

5-1- ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ.......................................................................................................................................................96   

5-2- ﻧﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﺑﻪ وﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﻣﺼﺮف اﻧﺮژي در ﻛﺸﻮر............................................................................................... 96 

‫5-3 اﻧﺮژي و اﻗﺘﺼﺎد.......................................................................................................................................... 97 

‫5-3-1 ﻣﺼﺮف ﺳﺮاﻧﻪ........................................................................................................................................ 98 

‫5-3-2 ﻣﺼﺮف ﮔﺎز ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ در ﺑﺨﺶ ﺧﺎﻧﮕﻲ...................................................................................................... 99 

‫5-3-3 ﻣﺼﺮف ﮔﺎز ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ در ﺑﺨﺶ ﺗﺠﺎري / ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ / ﺧﺪﻣﺎت...................................................................... 100 

‫5-4- ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ اﻗﺘﺼﺎد ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ............................................................................................................................ 101 

منابع و مأخذ .................................................................................................................................................. 104